NF-6风洞马赫数控制系统研制

NF-6风洞是我国唯一一座增压连续式跨声速翼型风洞,为了提高实验雷诺数,在设计上还具有喷氮降温的功能。笔者介绍了NF-6风洞马赫数控制系统的组成、特点及运行方式,对转速控制子系统、压缩机静叶角控制子系统、二喉道栅指控制子系统等进行了较为详细的介绍。     

折线斜缝式机匣处理对轴流压气机端部流场影响的实验研究及分析

在一个单级轴流压气机的孤立转子上,通过实验的方法详细研究了折线斜缝式处理机匣对压气机总性能及基元性能的影响。在一总体效果最佳的轴向叠合量下,研究了机匣处理前后转子进出口轴向速度的变化、基元总压比的变化及载荷系数的变化。该种新型的处理机匣形式不仅扩大了压气机的稳定工作范围,而且使压气机的峰值效率及边界点效率有所提高。利用三维热线风速仪结合锁相集平均技术测量了实壁机匣及处理机匣转子后的三维流场,得出了动叶端部二次流流场的详细结构及相对动能分布图。     

间隙对半开式离心叶轮性能影响的理论预测

推导了半开式离心叶轮间隙流动所产生的力及引起的损失,建立了相应的压力损失及效率随间隙变化的模型。在小型试验台上对间隙影响进行了实验研究。得出了间隙对压力、效率的影响规律。实验结果与理论预测相符。     

预测轴流压气机叶栅通道端壁附面层及叶片力亏损

本文将二次流理论与端壁附面层理论相关联,提出一种用于预测轴流压气机叶栅通道内的端壁附面层及叶片力亏损的新方法。附面层主流流动采用包含叶片力亏损的动量积分方程,横流流动采用双层速度分布模型,使用二次流分析和有限差分计算方法预测横流外层速度分布,主流流动和横流流动交替计算。用于两种高负荷压气机叶栅的预测结果表明,不仅端壁附面层发展的预测结果与实验结果吻合较好,而且叶片力亏损发展的预测值也与实验值一致性较好;此外,该方法不仅自动,而且还能较准确地预测S形横向流动的发展。     

基于特征的压气机叶片结构设计

对航空发动机压气机转子叶片结构进行了特征分析和归纳,提取了典型特征结构和特征参数,建立了基于UG软件的压气机叶片特征设计系统,利用该系统进行了叶片的特征结构设计和多种形式的罩量优化,在此基础上对叶片结构进行了重构。按照同样的方法和步骤,可逐步实现航空发动机各零部件的特征设计,由此达到缩短设计周期,节约成本,提高设计一次成功率的目的。     

跨声速轴流压气机流动损失分析

对跨声速多级轴流压气机的损失和落后角模型进行了改进,采用流线曲率法对非设计点进行了性能模拟。新的激波损失模型考虑了压气机工作状态从堵塞点向喘振点变化时激波系结构的变化;同时也考虑了压气机负荷对叶尖二次流动的影响。着重对跨声速轴流压气机在100%设计转速下各种损失的变化规律,以及叶片不同位置处的损失变化进行了分析,并得出了一些规律性的结论。计算得到的气动参数与实验值的比较表明:该模型能够较为准确地预测到跨声速压气机内部流动的叶型损失、激波损失、二次流损失以及展向掺混损失的变化规律。     

An improved prediction model for corner stall in axial compressors with dihedral effect

Corner stall predictions are important and difficult in axial compressors. However, all of the prediction models have proved to be ineffective for advanced compressor blades, which tend to use the combined sweep and dihedral. As for the prediction parameter DL, although it effectively modeled the effects of the adverse pressure gradient and secondary flow, it failed to predict the corner stall of curved blades because the model failed to consider the intersection of the boundary layer at the corner region. In this paper, the shape factor gradient Ψ of the boundary layer at the corner region was investigated by numerically studying specially shaped expansion pipes under different adverse pressure gradients. The improved prediction parameter DJ was presented based on the model of Ψ and the circumferential pressure gradient ξ. A comparison of the critical range of the prediction parameters DL and DJ was investigated using the NACA65 cascade database, which was established by a numerical method. Then, the stall criterion was validated according to the experimental results of various test facilities with different blade geometries and experimental conditions. The results show that the improved prediction parameter is able to predict the corner separation/stall flows and is in good agreement with the experimental results for axial compressors with three-dimensional designed blades.     

基于FIR滤波器及分数阶重复控制的变频空调压缩机电流谐波抑制方法

变频空调压缩机在低频运行时存在着较大的电流谐波。当采用普通重复控制器时,由于采样频率与电流谐波基频的比值不一定为整数,使得重复控制器内模与电流谐波基频存在偏差,导致普通重复控制器电流谐波抑制能力下降。针对该问题,采用基于固定采样频率的分数阶重复控制策略。首先,采用Lagrange插值定理去逼近分数延时环节;其次,采用FIR滤波器替代低通滤波器减小相位引起的误差；最后,针对分数阶重复控制器的相位滞后特性,分别进行低、中、高频段相位补偿。试验结果表明,提出的控制策略能够有效地抑制变频空调压缩机低频运行时的电流谐波。     

Influence of SPS casing treatment on axial flow compressor subjected to radial pressure distortion

The present work is about the stall margin enhancement ability of a kind of stall precursor-suppressed (SPS) casing treatment when fan/compressor suffers from a radial total pres-sure inlet distortion. Experimental researches are conducted on a low-speed compressor with and without SPS casing treatment under radial distorted inlet flow of different levels as well as uniform inlet flow. The distorted flow fields of different levels are generated by annular distortion flow gen-erators of different heights. The characteristic curves under these conditions are measured and ana-lyzed. The results show that the radial inlet distortion could cause a stall margin loss from 2% to 30% under different distorted levels. The SPS casing treatment could remedy this stall margin loss under small distortion level and only partly make up the stall margin loss caused by distortion in large level without leading to perceptible additional efficiency loss and obvious change of charac-teristic curves. The pre-stall behavior of the compressor is investigated to reveal the mechanism of this stall margin improvement ability of the SPS casing treatment. The results do show that this casing treatment delays the occurrence of rotating stall by weakening the pressure perturbations and suppressing the nonlinear amplification of the stall precursor waves in the compression system.     

一种压气机叶型的可控环量尾缘造型方法

为了提高压气机叶型负荷，提出了一种可控环量尾缘造型方法，该方法对叶型尾缘处弦长2%的区域进行特殊造型，通过改变流动后驻点位置从而提高叶型环量，增加叶型气流转角。在不同马赫数及雷诺数下进行数值模拟得到了一致的结论。数值模拟结果显示:以设计进气角D因子为0.52的叶型为基准叶型，采用可控环量尾缘造型后叶型气流转角可提高21%，同时总压损失基本无变化，部分叶型甚至在气流转角提高的同时总压损失有所降低。而当气流折转角相同时，可控环量尾缘可以比传统尾缘的总压损失更小。